When to use?
–A technique to envisage the entire software product as a series of steps in which the user completes tasks to achieve the goals
一个用户目标需要一系列的步骤去实现。
–involves building a series of user stories as an iterative process to produce solutions
一系列的用户故事去完成迭代
• Presence of typos in the code 错字
• No proper structure and formatting of the code 没有正确的代码结构和格式
• No use of comments in the code 注释
• No accurate declaration of values 对值的声明要准确
• Use of magic numbers 魔术数字不能用
~We will be looking at ethics and why they are important to us
~ We will be looking at the role of ethics in Computer Science
~ We will be looking at ethical frameworks and how we can use them to help guide us , including software design/development
−a collection of related data (i.e. facts and figures) that can be processed to produce information.
相关数据（即事实和数字）的集合，可通过处理产生信息。
Example: the average marks can be produced from data about marks of all students
例如：平均分可以从所有学生的分数数据中得出
−a paradigm(i.e. approach) to be used
−a precise lifecycle to be used (and further sub stages)
−the exact modelling and other proven techniquesto be used at each lifecycle stage (defining how they are to be used).
a commercial Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool often used (such as Visual Paradigm for business process modelling and object oriented design)
Creational Patterns
separates a system from the creation, composition and representation of its objects , which increases the system's flexibility in what, who, how, and when of object creation.
它将系统与其对象的创建、组合和表示分离开来，从而提高了系统在对象创建的内容、对象创建者、创建方式和创建时间方面的灵活性。
encapsulates the knowledge about which classes a system uses and hides the details of how the instances of these classes are created and structured.
封装了系统使用哪些类的知识，并隐藏了如何创建和构建这些类的实例的细节。
根据规范验证源代码的正确实现。就是说，代码没有语法错误。
根据客户要求验证主要系统功能。
class
encapsulates(封装) attributes(Python variables) and operations (Python method) into a single entity,which describes a set of data and the operations that will act on data.
object
